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Kawaihae I: Bringing and Ahupua'a Back to Life                             Ke Ola Magazine Sept / Oct 2019

9/11/2019

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  During Kamehameha’s time the ahupua`a of Kawaihae fed thousands of people with its rich ocean resources and highly developed field system, irrigated from the abundant Kohala watershed. Now there are only remnants of that time within the arid, goat infested slopes and runoff that is compromising the shoreline waters and fisheries.
  But the spirit of the land is rising up to speak through the efforts of the Kailapa Community Association (KCA) and their many partners. The Kailapa subdivision, given its name by Kawaihae kupuna Aunty Lani Akau, began development in the 1980s. Located just north of Kawaihae within the Kawaihae I ahupua`a, Kailapa is now a community of 146 homes.
  Incorporated in 2004 the KCA acquired nonprofit status in 2010, when the association began moving towards creating the foundations for the development of a sustainable, resilient community based on Native Hawaiian values.
  One of their first steps was a gathering to plan the construction of a multi-use pavilion that would be the piko of the community. “The pavilion was built by volunteers from the community. It just worked. It really brought the community together and now we have a place to gather,” said KCA Executive Director, Diane Kaneali`i.
  What came out of the pavilion planning process was the vision to work together to achieve self-sufficiency through traditional Hawaiian values. Now, essentially complete, the pavilion provides a place to share knowledge, traditions and practices.
PictureThe KCA meets to discuss the future of the ahupua'a in the new community-built pavilion. Photo courtesy of KCA
A Net Thrown Wide
  With the potential of 10,000 acres and limited water sources, creating a functioning ahupua`a is a tall order, but along with Kailapa community resources -- landscapers, heavy equipment operators, cultural practitioners, ranchers, la'au lapa'au and entertainers to name a few – KCA is receiving help from its connections to the broader community.
  In January 2018, the KCA was selected as one of two Hawai`i communities to participate in the Resilient Hawaiian Community Initiative (RHCI), a one-year program funded through the Department of the Interior, which seeks to combine a biocultural framework for resilience by using local/traditional ecological knowledge and cutting-edge science.
  Beginning in April 2018, the community met with Pacific Solutions and their team of specialists to ponder the question: What is important to you and what are your fundamental values in this? A massive amount of information was gathered and with the guiding vision of “`Ehuehu I ka Pono” (Thrive in Balance), the KCA developed a resilience plan that balances wai, `āina and kānaka.  Three core values emerged as a guiding framework: mālama `āina or resource management; noho kū`olo`a or self-sufficiency; and laulima or community cohesiveness.

PictureKCA community members and officials walk the watershed. Photo courtesy of KCA
First, Know Your Place
  In order to mālama `āina, one has to understand the land and what it needs and so for KCA, the first step is to get access to the entire ahupua`a. The Department of Hawaiian Homelands, which owns the entire ahupua`a, has leased out some upper sections to which KCA is in the process of gaining access. 
  “Once we get right of entry and we can get on to the land we can begin to understand the issues and how we mitigate those issues, how we care for the place before we start to put our needs onto it,” explained KCA Executive Director Diane Kaneali`i.
  Most crucial to feeding the land is access to water, which has, in recent history, been diverted for use by the ranches. Traditional irrigation brought water down from 5000 feet in a controlled auwai network, which in turn created a thriving field system. The Kehena ditch with its 16 inch pipe laid in 1968 is a potential major source of water.
  “We took a trip up there (Kohala watershed) with Tim Richards and water resource managers and yes the pipe is there and still intact to bring water down. Now the Commission of Water Resource Management, an agency in charge of all potable water in the state needs to put in gauges so we know how much water is coming out of there. There's plenty of water for everyone but we need to get our share of it,” said Diane.
  In the hoped-for scenario for Kawaihae I, water and power are inextricably linked. As the water flows down the mountain there is potential to generate power and will be captured in a series of reservoirs afloat with solar panels.

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The zones of the Kawaihae I Ahupua'a. Photo courtesy of Diane Kaneali'i
PictureAn walker observing the remnants of an ancient auwai. Photo courtesy of Diane Kaneali'i
Discovering the Past in the Landscape
  KCA has also been able to get some outside help to understand the natural systems that were once at play and allow them to thrive again. “Dr. Michael Graves has been coming from New Mexico to study these fields. He’s taken soil samples and was able to document how the water came down because the old auwai system is still intact,” said Diane.
  Using traditional historic resources, information provided by Dr. Graves and topographic imaging provided through the use of Geographic Information System mapping, a clearer picture of the ahupua`a is developing. Also based on traditional knowledge, the ahupua`a is divided up into zones that reflect their historical use.
  These zones have been given the term campuses as they will provide real world learning labs for KCA community members and their partner organizations, as well as future student groups. “Each campus will offer people, schools, general public opportunities to come learn and take in what the land has to give to them,” explained previous project manager Jordon Hollister.
  Beginning at the top, “The mauka portion is the wao akua where the aquafers are recharged and contains the rainforest, so that would be a campus to learn about those things,” said Jordon. “Wao Nahele, where Kahuā Ranch is leasing is another campus for people to learn about starting a new forest.”
  The next campus is wao kanaka, which holds the potential for lessons in sustainable ranching and agriculture. Wao `ilima, below that is an area that once held an extensive field system.
“There's a lot of agricultural fields that exist there that are very well preserved. It’s a place to learn about traditional Hawaiian agriculture and reinstitute the agricultural field system with adaptive reuse and reopen those fields,” said Diane.
  Below that is the oihana campus, which is traditionally designated for a profession or job and already contains a solar powered aquaculture operation. “This site would focus more on 21st century agricultures, aquacultures, solar farms. Whatever we can do to make ourselves more self-sufficient,” explained Jordon. 
  The Kahakai campus, which is 72 acres along shoreline across the highway from Kailapa will be a place to learn about managing shoreline resources. “Keali'i Maielua is our manager for this ocean front project. Keali'i and his wife Pualani, who is on our board, are part of Na Kalai Wa'a so that's the part that called to them. They’re walking it to see what the land tells them, what the land needs,” said Jordon. “There's potential for a kai campus as well. There are fishing grounds out there and we'd like to keep alive the practices to mālama the fishing grounds,” he added.

PictureNā Kilo `Āina participants get hands-on lessons in reef life. Photo courtesy of Diane Kaneali'i
To Observe and Move Forward 
  Along with revitalized field systems and re-vegetated slopes to prevent erosion and runoff, fishing grounds, an essential food source, need to be managed. To gain an understanding of the management of this resource, the KCA along with partners Kai Kuleana and South Kohala Coastal Partnership, took a trip to Moloka`i to meet with Uncle Mac Poepoe to learn about managing community fisheries.
  Service learning was interspersed with explorations of the north shore of Moloka`i and the proposed Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area. Upon their return, the groups gathered to record what they had gleaned and to create a picture of what an ocean fisheries management plan for Kawaihae might look like.
  For the last seven years KCA, looking towards future generations, has sponsored the Nā Kilo `Āina ocean camp, led by Pelika Andrade. Kilo are traditional watchers and observers of the land and ocean to guide resource management. For one week in October, students gather to observe and study their environment. Participants come away with a sense of the connectivity between the natural processes that are crucial to a healthy ahupua`a.
  “They study the opihi and observe moon and spawning cycles, examine gonads and make comparisons in take and no-take areas, matching science with kupuna knowledge,” explained Diane. 

A New Ahupua`a in the Making
  The KCA has set a solid foundation of goals, values and intentions that will help the island community see the potential for a sustainable future and perhaps lead the way for other ahupua`a. With the guidance of traditional Hawaiian values in combination with adaptive re-use using the available technology, Kawaihae I has the potential to provide renewable resources that reach beyond its boundaries.
  “We are fortunate to have the opportunity to take on this role to create a thriving sustainable ahupua`a. Thousands of people were fed off these lands and I believe that we can do that again. These are huge opportunities that we are trying to create and bring to fruition but it's not something that's going to be done overnight,” concluded Diane.
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Rain Gardens Protecting Waterways                                                Special to West Hawaii Today  2/10/17

3/29/2017

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Students from The Kohala Center’s Ke Kumu Aina after-school program help their instructor, Mahina Patterson, plant the new rain garden behind Waimea Center. The project was orchestrated by Lisa Ferentinos with the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program (far right). (LANDRY FULLER/SPECIAL TO WEST HAWAII TODAY)
    When it rains, our gardens get much needed nourishment, but runoff from impervious surfaces sends  pollutants such as heavy metals and oil into our waterways and eventually into the ocean. Rain gardens are a way to prevent this happening and Wai’ula’ula Stream, which begins in the Kohalas and runs through the center of Waimea to the ocean has been gifted one.
    On Wed. Feb. 1, extension agent, Lisa Ferentinos from the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program (UHSGCP), student volunteers from the Kohala Center’s after school program, Ke Kumu ʽĀina and Julia Rose from The Nature Conservancy and the South Kohala Coastal Partnership installed a rain garden in the northeast corner of the Waimea Shopping Center’s back lot.
    The garden is a shell shaped slope and is made up of a selection of native Hawaiian plants such as 'ilima, mamakī, uhiuhi, ma'o hau hele, ti and ʽōʽhia to name a few. “The idea is the plants in the lowest part of the garden are adapted to being wetter. The ones in the upper part are adapted to being drought tolerant and the ones in the middle can handle a little bit of wet and a little bit of dry,” said Ferentinos.
    The run-off will be directed to the garden through a sub-surface pipe. “The idea is the water comes in off the parking lot into this low area. There's a pipe that will help distribute the water. You use the plants to bio-mediate any of the pollutants. The plants will take up the water and anything that's in the water and any water that goes into the stream will be filtered,” explained Ferentinos.
    The rain garden project for Hawai'i Island began back in 2014 through a conservation partnership. “The South Kohala Coastal Partnership (SKCP), of which UHSGCP is a member, helped find funding to do an assessment of Wai'ula'ula Stream for the worse erosion hot spots. That was completed in 2014,” said Ferentinos.
    Once five hot spots were identified, “They (SKCP) got funding from the Department of Health Polluted Run- off Control Program to address some of the worse erosion hot spots along Wai’ula’ula Stream,” said Ferentinos.
    Although there are many rain gardens that have been developed on O'ahu, Ferentinos has adapted the design of the Waimea garden to fit the conditions. “This one might be the first on the Big Island. There's quite a few on O'ahu, but they're at sea level and it's a different situation, different soil, different plants,” said Ferentinos.
    The rain garden is one of many strategies to address run-off along the Wai’ula’ula Stream corridor. The first effort was to plant a strip of kikuyu, for its low maintenance, and native hibiscus along the bank of the stream, directly behind, the center’s courtyard. 
    The next hot spot will be at the Ulu La’au Nature Park, where, Kohala Center’s Ke Kumu ʽĀina
program is centered. The group meets on Wednesdays from 1:30 to 5:00 to explore and learn about Hawai'i Island’s native plants.
    Ke Kumu ʽĀina Program Coordinator, Mahina Patterson and her students, who helped plant the rain garden, will be on hand to help. “We will install erosion control matting and coconut fiber logs and vegetation to slow down the erosion of the banks. We already have a trial area to make sure that the concept we were considering was workable and we're in the process of ordering the materials and getting the labor contracted to do that site, which we expect to happen in another couple of months,” said Ferentinos.
    The skilled, enthusiastic hands of Ku’ulei Kumai-Ho from Waimea Middle School; Shaelynne Monell-Lagaret from Kanu o ka ʽĀina and Julian Fried from HPA soon have the garden planted and blessed with positive intentions. But the care for the garden doesn’t stop there.
    “In Hawai'i there's no such thing as no maintenance. That's a huge challenge with all environmental projects here. We're trying to get school groups to adopt areas that we're doing our projects in. We're trying to get teachers at Parker School and Waimea Middle School engaged. The idea is that each school or class can take on some part that matches up with their educational goals,” said Ferentinos.
    The rain garden is both a little bit experiment and a way to educate the community about how they can help prevent run-off. “Once the plants are established we're going to have a workshop and invite the community to come and learn about rain gardens. We're trying some techniques and plants that haven't been tried before, so once we get an idea of how well it's working then we'd like to invite the public to come and learn about it,” said Ferentinos.
    The effort to prevent run-off is a whole community affair and requires individual awareness of causes and how they can be fixed. “We’re hoping to encourage folks to install rain gardens at their homes to deal with any run off from their impervious surfaces like driveways or roof tops and encourage other folks in the community to consider using rain gardens to have the excess infiltrate rather than run off into the stream,” concluded Ferentions. 
    On O'ahu, the Hui o Ko'olaupoko has been working on several projects to prevent run-off and has created a rain garden manual that can be accessed at: http://www.huihawaii.org/uploads/1/6/6/3/16632890/raingardenmanual-web-res-smaller.pdf
The assessment of Wai'ula'ula Stream can be accessed at:
http://www.southkohalacoastalpartnership.com/uploads/2/5/7/1/25718612/southkohalasca_final_sept2014.pdf
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