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WMS seventh graders learn to take care of the land                      West Hawai'i Today August 27, 2018

8/28/2018

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PictureWMS students explore Keanuiomano Stream during an outplanting of native dryland forest species. (COURTESY PHOTO/MAHINA PATTERSON)
“Malama Ahupuaa,” the title of the latest Waimea Middle School oral history book, funded by Ike Hawaii and Hawaii Community Foundation, recently became available on Amazon. The book is the result of an oral history project conducted by Leesa Robertsonʻs Waimea Middle School seventh graders during the 2017 / 2018 school year.
The oral history project was a component of an integrated curriculum approach to learning created by the seventh grade team for the 2017-18 school year, where all content areas were engaged in and intersected around the theme of “Malama Ahupuaa”.
   “We took the three sections of our Lalamilo ahupuaa, or land divisions – makai (coastal), kula (mid-section) and mauka (mountain) – and focused our lessons and activities around life in those areas,” explained seventh grade science teacher Jade Bowman.
   Students explored the different areas of the ahupuaa, collected data which was integrated into the math curriculum, studied the flora and fauna, and did service projects.
   “We started with makai and learned about Kawaihae and Pelekane Bay. Students learned the history and the moolelo of the area and the connection between voyaging and the ahupuaa, and how what we do on land ultimately affects the ocean,” said Bowman.
   There is much knowledge and wisdom in stories and, “Students learned the stories of the sections of the ahupuaa and wrote their own renditions of the myths. They learned the cultural significance of the plants and animals,” she added. 

PictureInterviewee Pua Case shares some life stories with Shane Beeder and Ariana Shimioka
   In Robertson’s class, a year-long oral history project explored malama ahupuaa through the eyes and voices of 11 community members. Working in teams, the students spent the first half of the year gaining the skills they would need by interviewing a peer and then a family member. Students collected biographical data, researched and created a timeline and a question outline, and practiced interview protocol.  
   The interviewees ranged in age from 29 to 86 and came from a variety of backgrounds and experiences that gave students a glimpse into individual perspectives of how they malama – or cared for – the ahupuaa and how they connected to the land and to each other.  
   A sentiment expressed in some way by all of the interviewees was that to malama something, you need to really know it, observe it and experience it. Manny Veincent and Mahina Patterson, the oldest and youngest interviewees, respectively, shared that sentiment.
   While working for Hawaii Fish and Game in the Pohakuloa area of Mauna Kea, Veincent spent time camping in the wilderness to monitor and capture geese for breeding.
   “That areas between the Mauna Loa and Hualalai mountains was where those geese were. In the dark you could hear them crying. After a while, your senses become like an animal. You knew where the birds were,” he said.
Before becoming an environmental education specialist for The Kohala Center, Patterson did conservation work in the same area. Growing up exploring the land around her neighborhood, her early experiences set her on a path to malama ahupuaa.
   “My fondest memories are going into the pasture that borders the wet side neighborhoods. So every chance that I got I would go and explore in the pastures and the streams back there,” “But I looked it up as I got older and found out that the name of that stream is Lalakea and that it's one of the streams that feeds Hiilawe (a many storied waterfall in Waipio),” she said.

PictureINterviewee Ma'ulili Dickson shares some canoe stories with Rovi Afaga and Lindsay Tagudan.
   Malama ahupuaa also means to take care of the culture, the people and perpetuate practices and protocols that will travel into the future as wisdom to guide those that come after.
  
Micah Komohoalii – kumu hula, cultural practitioner, another of the interviewees – shares his deep knowledge of the Waimea district through chants and hula in his halau and through community classes.
   “
My halau specializes in dances of our own backyard, of our ahupuaa. The only thing we learn in the halau are the chants of Waimea, chants of Waimea's rain, its fog, its winds, its place here and the heiau, the alii that were here,” he explained.
  
The re-emergence of the canoe culture has been a guiding light for malama ahupuaa. Two of the interviewees, Maulili Dickson and Chadd Paishon, are mainstays of Hawaii Island’s canoe program whose guiding motto, coined by canoe pioneer Clay Bertelmann, raises awareness of the connection between the health of the canoe and the health of the island: He waa he moku, he moku he waa, meaning the canoe is the island, the island is the canoe.
  
As the canoe’s quartermaster, Dickson grew up in the ocean and providing food for his family, which eventually grew to include the ohana waa (canoe family). He is currently is working with the Haunana Ola program, whose goal is to provision Hawaii Island’s voyaging canoe, Makalii, with food grown on the island for a 30-day journey to Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument.
  
Paishon, who is a captain and Pwo navigator with Ohana Waa Makalii, is also working with the land crew of Haunana Ola and works to bring canoe culture into classrooms.
  
“For us, sustaining ourselves on the canoe, it really comes down to everyone that's on the deck of the canoe understanding what they need to do and taking care of each other. If we can do those things on the deck of the canoe, then we should be able to do those same things when we're home here,” he said.
  
Like the canoe, the island has finite resources and so many of the interviewees expressed malama ahupuaa in terms of only taking what you need and sharing the abundance. Born and raised in Waimea, Lloyd Case grew up with that awareness.
  
“Donʻt take more than you need. Leave something for others. We only take what we need from the ocean and the mountain because we practice the Hawaiian style,” he said.
​  
Mahalo to Hawaii Community Foundation who funded costs to transcribe the interviews and to Ike Hawaii for providing publishing costs. To read more stories of malama ahupuaa, the book will be available at Thelma Parker Library and is currently available on amazon.com.

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Kohala Watershed: Bringing Life Back to the Land                             Ke Ola Magazine   June / July

8/28/2017

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PictureCrew member, Kukui Keliihoomalu in the forest.
  Kohala Mountain is a cloaked monarch crowned with a 50,000 acre cloud forest that feeds the streams of Kohala district and its people. The trade winds bring warm wet air into the cool mountains and create a constant source of moisture that in pre-western contact time fed the extensive Kohala field system.    
  Today, Kohala Mountain still provides approximately 6% (154 million gallons per day) of the sustainable yield of water for Hawaiʽi Island. The watershed is a primary source of drinking and irrigation water for North and South Kohala and parts of Hāmākua, but with an enlarged, restored watershed the potential is much greater.
  Recognizing this, in 2003 DLNR, which had been working with seven other watershed projects around the state, brought the Kohala Mountain land owners and managers together. “There was a push from the DLNR to try to look at watershed forest issues on a bigger picture level as a whole. Lisa Hadway who was working within the DLNR started the momentum. They called a meeting and we found that our goals were in alignment,” said Pono Von Holt, Ponoholo Ranch owner. 

Picture
Kohala Watershed seen from Kawaihae.
The land owners and managers that include: Kahuā, Parker and Ponoholo ranches, Hawaiʽi State (DLNR), Kamehameha Schools, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Queen Emma Land Co., Laupāhoehoe Nui LLC and Surety Kohala signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), and the Kohala Watershed Partnership was born.
  The eighth watershed partnership to be formed statewide, the KWP consists of approximately 68,000 acres of forest and grasslands on the windward and leeward slopes of Kohala Mountain, the island’s oldest volcano.
  The partners agreed that the organization would have a very limited to non-existent bureaucracy, but realizing they needed a paid staff member, they worked with a non-profit fiscal agent to hire Melora Purell as their first program coordinator.
   “I sat down with each of the partners when I started the job, and the key thing I wanted to understand was why they signed on to this. I was quite blown away how it was driven by land owners and managers wanting to do what was right, what was pono for the land, the ecosystem, the forest, the watershed,” said Melora.
​
  One of the first tasks of the KWP prior to hiring staff was to create a management plan. “The management plan was already in place when I was hired, and was really clear about what needed to be done, why it needed to be done and how it needed to be done. I had this plan in front of me and I just needed to get to work,” said Melora.
Picture
Laying fence.
The Kohala Center with its current KWP Coordinator, Cody Dwight, seeks out funding and manages the “boots on the ground” work. “That's their forte being an organization that pools together these different programs and facilitates funding as well as the operation side so we can pool our goals and our time and effort,” said Pono.
First Steps
  Starting at the top, the idea was to extend the forest reserve zone down the mountain by eliminating feral ungulates and installing fencing to create “exclosures” in conservation parlance. “Take the forest away from the cattle and move them down the mountain. We're going to increase the size of the watershed by several thousand acres into our ranch country and that will give us a buffer for invasives,” said Pono.  
  Getting the feral cattle, probably descendants from Vancouver’s time, out of the forest was no easy task. Individual efforts by the ranches in the past had not been successful, but under KWP, the three ranches, Ponoholo, Kahuā and Parker, were able to remove feral cattle from the forest. “We learned that just by the fact that we put the three ranches together in a concerted effort, we were successful in taking back a large piece of ground,” said Pono.
  Fencing is the sustainable component of ungulate control. “The first fence up was on Ponoholo Ranch, about 100 acres. Right below, Parker ranch extended from that along the inside of the Honokane Valley ridge and right in to the edge of Pololū,” said Pono. “By the time we get done we'll have 3000 acres that we've taken back and in 50 years or so, it will be reforested,” he added. 
​
Picture
Koaia corridor, Kohala Mountain
Pelekane Bay Watershed:
  The Pelekane Bay Watershed in Kawaihae is a graphic example of the importance of a botanically healthy watershed. The Koaiʽa Corridor, which is in the upper Pelekane Bay Watershed, runs mauka from DLNR’s  Koaiʽa Tree Sanctuary on Kohala Mountain Road and is a two mile riparian corridor of about 300 acres nestled between Waiakamali and Luahine streams. Down slope in the lower Pelekane Bay Watershed, the two streams eventually merge into Makeahua stream that in turn empties into Pelekane Bay.
  The watershed needs a layered diversity of plants to capture and absorb the rains otherwise sediment-filled water flows down the mountainside and into the ocean. Standing on the Koaiʽa Tree Sanctuary fence-line, the contrast is stunning. Inside the sanctuary are groves of koaiʽa, large healthy ohia and lower canopy natives. Outside the fence is a windswept grassland.
  Once a canopied forest, the lower Pelekane Bay Watershed is almost completely devoid of vegetation and is severely eroded. “This mountain all used to look like the Koaiʽa Tree Sanctuary,” said Cody. The consequences of the denuded watershed can easily be seen in Pelekane Bay. Once a biologically diverse estuary, Pelekane Bay has been inundated with sediment washed down the drastically eroded mountainside.
  “To protect the coral reef we have to stabilize this mountain from eroding. Get some vegetation to grow in critical erosion areas,” said Cody. The main obstacle to this is a large uncontrolled herd of feral goats that live in the watershed. “The goats live in gulches and they eat the grass from the top and then they go back down into the gulches,” said Cody. 
  A temporary measure to control erosion while working towards revegetation is the installation of check dams, which are constructed as wire and cloth-wrapped rock walls in key drainages, and are capable of holding up to 10 tons of sediment. In August 2015 a large brush fire followed a week later by a brief, intense storm event put those check dams to the test. “It was like a perfect storm event. Those sediment check dams we had in place all filled up,” said Cody. 
​
  Changes in water quality are being monitored by cooperating conservation partners, The Nature Conservancy and NOAA. “The water quality has improved. Changes in Pelekane Bay. Changes on the landscape. These areas are looking a lot better,” said Cody.
Picture
Pono von Holt on his Ponoholo Ranch
PictureField crew captain, Haia Aweloa walking the Pelekane watershed section.
Creating Conditions for Growth
  The ultimate goal is to have a re-vegetated watershed, but to do this it is necessary to remove invasive plants and create positive conditions for the native plants that previously populated the watershed. Propagating and out-planting, along with fencing, invasive plant control and anything else that needs to get done, is the job of the four person KWP field crew.
  Crew leader Haia Auweloa, Kukui Keliʽihoʽomalu, Jordon Wills and new volunteer crew member Makaliʽi Bertelmann and I drive up Kohala Mountain Road and enter the lower Pelekane Bay Watershed. The crew spreads out to survey the area and find several aʽaliʽi with mature seeds, which are collected and taken to the State Tree Nursery where plants are propagated for future out-planting. “In the Koaiʽa Corridor we have about 60,000 plants already and below we have about 20,000 plants,” said Haia.
​
  When they’re ready to be planted the seedlings will go through a couple of stages of acclimation. At the nursery they’re set outside in a semi-sheltered area and watering is continued. The next step is to take them up to the watershed for planting, where they are sheltered by tall grass and will continue to receive water through a temporary irrigation system fed from water tanks and when established, the plants will stop receiving irrigation.

The Watershed is our Kumu
  The Kohala Watershed has become an outdoor classroom and laboratory for Kohala’s children. Kohala Center’s Mahina Patterson coordinates place-based, hands-on science classes in the watershed. “Because the Kohala Watershed Partnership is housed at the Kohala Center, we have this resource to share with the community,” said Mahina.
  Being in the watershed allows learners to explore independently and make observations. “I ask students: ‘What do you see inside the fenced unit versus the outside landscape?’  We read the story that the land has to tell us,” said Mahina.
  Students also get an opportunity to think and act like scientists. “Another great lesson is biodiversity. What are the species here and what are we seeing?  They get to experience doing real science using scientific tools, such as a transect,” said Mahina.
  The watershed also gives students the opportunity to experience restoration work and to grapple with its challenges. “I was on Puʽu Pili with a group of Kohala Middle School students, learning about pig trapping and ginger control. It was an opportunity to show them why fences are important. Let's together look at the effects of the pigs on the forest, do ungulate surveys. Real science,” said Mahina.
  The watershed also educates the heart and fosters gratitude. “It’s just so beautiful and so different that even kids that had a bad attitude when they got into the van, when they get there, everything shifts,” said Mahina.
​
  The KWP is a shining example of what can be accomplished through the sharing of a vision and the willingness to lend our hands and hearts to reclaim our source of life.
 
Picture
Students investigating the watershed.
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Rain Gardens Protecting Waterways                                                Special to West Hawaii Today  2/10/17

3/29/2017

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Picture
Students from The Kohala Center’s Ke Kumu Aina after-school program help their instructor, Mahina Patterson, plant the new rain garden behind Waimea Center. The project was orchestrated by Lisa Ferentinos with the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program (far right). (LANDRY FULLER/SPECIAL TO WEST HAWAII TODAY)
    When it rains, our gardens get much needed nourishment, but runoff from impervious surfaces sends  pollutants such as heavy metals and oil into our waterways and eventually into the ocean. Rain gardens are a way to prevent this happening and Wai’ula’ula Stream, which begins in the Kohalas and runs through the center of Waimea to the ocean has been gifted one.
    On Wed. Feb. 1, extension agent, Lisa Ferentinos from the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program (UHSGCP), student volunteers from the Kohala Center’s after school program, Ke Kumu Aina and Julia Rose from The Nature Conservancy and the South Kohala Coastal Partnership installed a rain garden in the northeast corner of the Waimea Shopping Center’s back lot.
    The garden is a shell shaped slope and is made up of a selection of native Hawaiian plants such as ilima, mamaki, uhi uhi, mau hau hele, ti and ohia to name a fewki. “The idea is the plants in the lowest part of the garden are adapted to being wetter. The ones in the upper part are adapted to being draught tolerant and the ones in the middle can handle a little bit of wet and a little bit of dry,” said Ferentinos.
    The run-off will be directed to the garden through a sub-surface pipe. “The idea is the water comes in off the parking lot into this low area. There's a pipe that will help distribute the water. You use the plants to bio-mediate any of the pollutants. The plants will take up the water and anything that's in the water and any water that goes into the stream will be filtered,” explained Ferentinos.
    The rain garden project for Hawaii Island began back in 2014 through a conservation partnership. “The South Kohala Coastal Partnership (SKCP), of which UHSGCP is a member, helped find funding to do an assessment of Waiulaula Stream for the worse erosion hot spots. That was completed in 2014,” said Ferentinos.
    Once five hot spots were identified, “They (SKCP) got funding from the Department of Health Polluted Run- off Control Program to address some of the worse erosion hot spots along Wai’ula’ula Stream,” said Ferentinos.
    Although there are many rain gardens that have been developed on Oahu, Ferentinos has adapted the design of the Waimea garden to fit the conditions. “This one might be the first on the Big Island. There's quite a few on Oahu, but they're at sea level and it's a different situation, different soil, different plants,” said Ferentinos.
    The rain garden is one of many strategies to address run-off along the Wai’ula’ula Stream corridor. The first effort was to plant a strip of kikuyu, for its low maintenance, and native hibiscus along the bank of the stream, directly behind, the center’s courtyard. 
    The next hot spot will be at the Ulu La’au Nature Park, where, Kohala Center’s Ke Kumu Aina program is centered. The group meets on Wednesdays from 1:30 to 5:00 to explore and learn about Hawaii Island’s native plants.
    Ke Kumu Aina Program Coordinator, Mahina Patterson and her students, who helped plant the rain garden, will be on hand to help. “We will install erosion control matting and coconut fiber logs and vegetation to slow down the erosion of the banks. We already have a trial area to make sure that the concept we were considering was workable and we're in the process of ordering the materials and getting the labor contracted to do that site, which we expect to happen in another couple of months,” said Ferentinos.
    The skilled, enthusiastic hands of Ku’ulei Kumai-Ho from Waimea Middle School; Shaelynne Monell-Lagaret from Kanu o ka Aina and Julian Fried from HPA soon have the garden planted and blessed with positive intensions. But the care for the garden doesn’t stop there.
    “In Hawaii there's no such thing as no maintenance. That's a huge challenge with all environmental projects here. We're trying to get school groups to adopt areas that we're doing our projects in. We're trying to get teachers at Parker School and Waimea Middle School engaged. The idea is that each school or class can take on some part that matches up with their educational goals,” said Ferentinos.
    The rain garden is both a little bit experiment and a way to educate the community about how they can help prevent run-off. “Once the plants are established we're going to have a workshop and invite the community to come and learn about rain gardens. We're trying some techniques and plants that haven't been tried before, so once we get an idea of how well it's working then we'd like to invite the public to come and learn about it,” said Ferentinos.
    The effort to prevent run-off is a whole community affair and requires individual awareness of causes and how they can be fixed. “We’re hoping to encourage folks to install rain gardens at their homes to deal with any run off from their impervious surfaces like driveways or roof tops and encourage other folks in the community to consider using rain gardens to have the excess infiltrate rather than run off into the stream,” concluded Ferentions. 
    On Oahu, the Hui o Koolaupoko has been working on several projects to prevent run-off and has created a rain garden manual that can be accessed at: http://www.huihawaii.org/uploads/1/6/6/3/16632890/raingardenmanual-web-res-smaller.pdf
The assessment of Waiulaula Stream can be accessed at:
http://www.southkohalacoastalpartnership.com/uploads/2/5/7/1/25718612/southkohalasca_final_sept2014.pdf
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